Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Researchher of Educational Research Institute,Tehran,Iran

2 Associate Professor, Departement of Educational dministration,Farhangian University,Tehran,Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Departement of Educational administration,Farhangian University,Tehran,Iran

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to explore the challenges and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in education.
Methodology: This qualitative research follows a systematic review approach based on the PRISMA protocol. The study examines scientific articles published in Persian (1399 to 1403) and English (2020 to 2024) within the domain of AI and education. Out of 480 reviewed articles, 34 were selected through a targeted approach based on inclusion criteria and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Findings: The applications of AI in education encompass intelligent educational systems, adaptive learning, educational environment design, assistive technologies, automated evaluation and monitoring, and intelligent analysis. However, these applications face significant challenges, including over-reliance and passivity, algorithmic bias, ethical and security concerns, threats to teachers' mental well-being, and technical and specialized constraints.
Conclusion: AI has the potential to revolutionize education by enabling personalized learning experiences, enhancing student engagement, and providing real-time feedback. Additionally, it facilitates efficient teaching methodologies, automates grading and assessment, and optimizes resource allocation. The integration of AI can significantly improve the quality of education.
Value: This research contributes to bridging the knowledge gap regarding AI applications in education while identifying key challenges for educators and policymakers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Abbasi, R. , & Esmaili, M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Digital Human Resource Processes: Applications and Challenges. Journal of Human Resource Management14(1), 116-140. doi: 10.22034/jhrs.2024.195965 [In Persian]
Abdel Nour, A. (2004). Introduction to artificial intelligence. Al-Faisal Cultural House.
Afiya, J. (2023). The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Teacher Education: Opportunities & Challenges, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR),0(1),139-146.www.ijrar.org
Ahmad, S. F., Rahmat, M. K., Mubarik, M. S., Alam, M. M., & Hyder, S. I. (2021). Artificial intelligence and its role in education. Sustainability13(22), 12902.‏  doi: 10.3390/su132 212902
Alam, A., Hasan, M., & Raza, M. M. (2022). Impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on education: changing paradigms and approaches. Towards Excellence, 14(1), 281-289.‏doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15581.28646/1
Al-Mahdi, M. (2021). Education and future challenges in light of the philosophy of artificial intelligence. Journal of teaching technology and digital learning2(5), 97-140.‏
Bhandari, P., & Singh, S. (2023). Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Application in Higher Education,journal-global-values, 14,55-63.doi:10.31995/jgv. 2023.v14iS3.008. 
bin Mohamed, M. Z., Hidayat, R., binti Suhaizi, N. N., bin Mahmud, M. K. H., & binti Baharuddin, S. N. (2022). Artificial intelligence in mathematics education: A systematic literature review. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education17(3), em0694.‏ DOI:10.29333/iejme/12132
Boucher, P. (2020). Artificial intelligence: how does it work, why does it matter, and what can we do about it? [pdf] Panel for the Future of Science and Technology, European Parliamentary Research Service.
Bozkurt, A., Karadeniz, A., Baneres, D., Guerrero-Roldán, A. E., & Rodríguez, M. E. (2021). Artificial intelligence and reflections from educational landscape: A review of ai studies in half a century. Sustainability, 13(2), 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020800
Chassignol, M., Khoroshavin, A., Klimova, A., & Bilyatdinova, A. (2018). Artificial Intelligence trends in education: a narrative overview. Procedia computer science136, 16-24. doi:10.1016 /j .procs.2018.08.233
Chen, X., Xie, H., & Hwang, G. J. (2020). A multi-perspective study on artificial intelligence in education: Grants, conferences, journals, software tools, institutions, and researchers. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence1, 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100005
European Commission. (2020).White paper on Artificial intelligence – a European approach to excellence and trust. Author European Commission. https://ec.europa .eu/ info/sites/info/fles/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en. pdf. 
Fahimirad, M., & Kotamjani, S. S. (2018). A review on application of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning in educational contexts. International Journal of Learning and Development8(4), 106-118.‏ doi:10.5296/ ijld. v8i4.14057.
Feng, S., & Law, N. (2021). Mapping artificial intelligence in education research: A network‐based keyword analysis. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education31(2), 277-303. DOI:10.1007/s40593-021-00244-4
Fenwick, A., & Molnar, G. (2022). The importance of humanizing AI: using a behavioral lens to bridge the gaps between humans and machines. Discover Artificial Intelligence2(1), 14.‏ DOI:10.1007/s44163-022-00030-8
Forero-Corba, W., & Bennasar, F. N. (2024). Techniques and applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in education: a systematic review. RIED-Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia27(1).‏ DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5944/ried.27.1.37491
Forero-Corba, W., & Bennasar, F. N. (2024). Técnicas y aplicaciones del Machine Learning e Inteligencia Artificial en educación: una revisión sistemática. RIED-Revista Iberoamericana De Educación a Distancia27(1), 238-243.‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.27.1.37491
González-Calatayud, V., Prendes-Espinosa, & P., Roig Vila, R. (2024). Artificial Intelligence for Student Assessment: A Systematic Review. Artificial Intelligence for Student, Appl. Sci.,27(2), 353–384. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125467
Guan, C., Mou, J., & Jiang, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence innovation in education: A twenty- year data-driven historical analysis. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 4(4), 134– 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2020.09.001
Hashim, S., Omar, M. K., Ab Jalil, H., & Sharef, N. M. (2022). Trends on technologies and artificial intelligence in education for personalized learning: systematic literature. Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development12(1), 884-903.‏ DOI:10.6007/IJARPED/v11-i1/12230
Heeg, D. M., & Avraamidou, L. (2023). The use of Artificial intelligence in school science: a systematic literature review. Educational Media International60(2), 125-150.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2023.2264990
Heredia-Carroza, J., & Stoica, R. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education. a Literature Review. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law30, 97-115.‏ DOI:10.47743/jopafl-2023-30-09
Huang, J., Saleh, S., & Liu, Y. (2021). A Review on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,10(3). 206-217. DOI:10.36941/ajis-2021-0077
Igbokwe, I. C. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational management. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications13(3), 300-307.‏ DOI:10.29322/IJSRP.13.03.2023.p13536
Ilham, R., Giatman, M., & Maksun, H. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Research in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal on Education, 6(2), 13467-13479. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.5199
Khanzode, K. C. A., & Sarode, R. D. (2020). Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence and machine learning: A literature review. International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS)9(1), 3.‏ https://doi.org/10.34218/IJLIS.09.01.20.04
Kırtay, S. (2023). Artificial intelligence in the education sector in Turkey: Opportunities and challenges. Uluslararası Psiko -Sosyal Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(5), 273-284.
Kulieshov, S. O. (2022). Features of the use of Artificial Intelligence in the US Higher Education System. In Modern computer and information systems and technologies: materials of the 3rd All-Ukrainian scientific-practical Internet conference, 448-450. http://elar.tsatu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16990.
Lai, X., Shui, H., Ding, D., & Ni, J. (2021). Data-driven dynamic bottleneck detection in complex manufacturing systems. Journal of Manufacturing Systems60, 662-675.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.07.016
Lee, S. J., & Kwon, K. (2024). A systematic review of AI education in K-12 classrooms from 2018 to 2023: Topics, strategies, and learning outcomes. Computers and Education6, 100211.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100211
McCarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N., & Shannon, C. E. (2006). A proposal for the dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence, august 31, 1955. AI magazine27(4), 12-14.‏ https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1904
Miao, F., Holmes, W., Ronghuai, H., & Zhang, H. (2021). AI end education: Guidance for policy- makers (UNESCO),60(2),125-150.doi:10.54675/PCSP7350
Mijwil, M. M., Aggarwal, K., Mutar, D. S., Mansour, N., & Singh, R. S. S. (2022). The Position of Artificial Intelligence in the Future of Education: An Overview, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences,10(2), 46-60.doi: 10.24203/ajas. v10i2.6956
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J.,  & Altman, D. G. (2019). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The prisma statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4),264–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
Moltudal, S., Høydal, K. L., & Krumsvik, R. J. (2020). Glimpses into real-life introduction of adaptive learning technology: A mixed methods research approach to personalised pupil learning, Designs for Learning,12(1),13–28. http://doi.org/10.16993/dfl.138
Nader, A. (2023). The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning Based on a Systematic Literature Review. Dynamic Management and Business Analysis1(1), 59-71. doi: 10.22034/dmbaj.2024.2023006.1022 [In Persian]
Nayak,S., & Ali,B. (2024).The era of artificial intelligence: The future of teaching and learning, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science,6(4) 23-31.
Oláh, J., Krisán, E., Kiss, A., Lakner, Z., & Popp, J. (2020). PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews of the bioethanol sector. Energies13(9), 2323. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092323
Popenici, S. A., & Kerr, S. (2017). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on teaching and learning in higher education. Research and practice in technology enhanced learning12(1), 22.‏ DOI: 10.1186/s41039-017-0062-8
Qarouni, Ali. (2023, October  7). The function and assistance of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning of students. The 15th National Conference on Management and Humanities Research in Iran, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/1815787/ [In Persian]
Qiang, B., Zhou, X., Wang, Y., Yang, X., Wang, Y., Tian, J., & Chen, P. (2023). Chinese Event Extraction Method Based on Roformer Model. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing2023(1), 8268651.‏ https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8268651
Rahayu, S. (2023). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Education: Opportunities and Challenges. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA9(4), 2132-2140.‏doi.org/10.31949/educatio. v9i4.6110
Ryzheva, N., Nefodov, D., Romanyuk, S., Marynchenko, H., & Kudla, M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in higher education: opportunities and challenges. Amazonia Investiga13(73), 284-296.‏ https://doi.org/10.31110/2413-1571-2021-030-4-006
Salas-Pilco, S. Z., & Yang, Y. (2022). Artificial intelligence applications in Latin American higher education: a systematic review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education19(1), 21.‏  https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00326-w ·
Sîrghi, N., Voicu, M. C., Noja, G. G., & Socoliuc, O. R. (2024). Challenges of artificial intelligence on the learning process in higher education. The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal26(65), 1-53.‏ DOI:10.24818/EA/2024/65/53
Suryanti, R., Jahidin, J., & Fadlil, M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Education: Bibliometric and Systematic Literature Review from 2019–2024. International Education Trend Issues2(2), 231-255.‏ https://doi.org/10.56442/ieti.v2i2.647
Van Griethuijsen, R. A., van Eijck, M. W., Haste, H., Den Brok, P. J., Skinner, N. C., Mansour, N., ... & BouJaoude, S. (2015). Global patterns in students’ views of science and interest in science. Research in science education45, 581-603.‏ DOI:10.1007/s11165-014-9438-6
Vavekanand, R. (2024). Impact of Artificial Intelligence on students and ethical considerations in education. Electronic Journal. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.4819557
Vij, P., Shaikh, T., Chavan, S., & Archit. (2023). To study and analyze the impact of AI on education system, The Seybold Report, 18(3), 1920-1932. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/BZD2U
Vinay, S. B. (2023). Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) In School Teaching and Learning Process-Review and Analysis. Information Technology and Management14(1), 1-5.‏ DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/AERNV
Wardat, Y., Tashtoush, M., AlAli, R., & Saleh, S. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: mathematics teachers’ perspectives, practices and challenges. Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics5(1), 60-77.‏ DOI:10.52866/ijcsm.2024.05.01.004
Wardat, Y., Tashtoush, M., AlAli, R., & Saleh, S. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: mathematics teachers’ perspectives, practices and challenges. Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics5(1), 60-77.‏ DOI:10.4018/978-1-6684-7366-5.ch084
Zafari, M. , Esmaeily, A. , & Sadeghi-Niaraki, ‪. (2021). An Overview of the Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in Education. Educational Measurement and Evaluation Studies11(36), 89-116. doi: 10.22034/emes.2021.251559 [In Persian]
Zafari, M., Bazargani, J. S., Sadeghi-Niaraki, A., & Choi, S. M. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Applications in K-12 Education: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Access, 10, 61905-61921.doi :10.1109/ ACCESS .2022.3179356.
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education–where are the educators?. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education16(1), 1-27.‏ DOI:10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zhang, K., & Aslan, A. B. (2021). AI technologies for education: Recent research & future directions. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence2, 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100025
Zheng, L., Niu, J., Zhong, L., & Gyasi, J. F. (2023). The effectiveness of artificial intelligence on learning achievement and learning perception: A meta-analysis. Interactive Learning Environments31(9), 5650-5664.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.2015693